ARHA 505

Museum Studies and Cultural Heritage Management II

Credits: 3

Organized in modules, this is an introduction to the practical and theoretical aspects of working in and with a variety of museum institutions and cultural heritage institutions in Türkiye and abroad.

ARHA 506

Archaeological Methods and Theory I

Credits: 3

Archaeological method and theory with emphasis on the principles and practice of Anatolian archaeology. Topics include: survey and excavation methods and associated recording techniques, the instrumental analysis and interpretation of various kinds of excavated materials, and the presentation and publication of archaeological results.

ARHA 507

Archaeological Methods and Theory II

Credits: 3

Theoretical approaches and methods used in the design and implementation of archaeological field research and data analysis. It focuses on the principles that archaeologists use to explain human cultural development from the material record of the past. Questions considered will include: What is archaeology and what are its aims? Is there a coherent body of archaeological theory to which most archaeologists subscribe? What appears to be the most productive theoretical approaches for understanding and interpreting the past?

ARHA 508

Advanced Historiography and Theory of Art History

Credits: 3

This course examines the concepts and methodology of art historical study and their application to the visual arts of different periods and regions, including the historical and philosophical foundations of contemporary criticism and theory.

ARHA 509

Modern Historiography of the Late Antique and Byzantine Worlds

Credits: 3

Perceptions and representations of the Late Antique and Byzantine worlds in modern times. Approaches and transformations in the study of the discipline will be analyzed.  Modern methods in history writing form an integral part of the course.

ARHA 510

Research Seminar

Credits: 3

Students present their research and MA thesis proposals, learn about research methods, publication ethics and improve their strategy for writing their thesis. Participation includes articulating scholars’ arguments from class reading, and critiquing those arguments, to encourage students to evaluate critically their own writing and argumentation.

ARHA 512

Archaeology of State Societies

Credits: 3

This course will critically examine the changing perspectives on the origins of state societies. The issues addressed will include the formation and organization of states and the political, economic and social structures that underlie the functioning and maintenance of large political systems. The multiplicity of states and urban landscapes and the spatial layout of neighborhoods will be explored with special reference to the concepts of ethnicity, identity, gender, class and kinship ties.

 ARHA 513

Ancient Empires

Credits: 3

This course will take a comparative approach to the study of empires. It will consider topics such as empire formation, expansion and collapse, the organization of empires, and cultural interactions.

ARHA 514

Heritage and Diplomacy

Credits: 3

Examines the history and importance of diplomacy in cultural and natural heritage studies. Trains students in the applications of policy and law in the management of heritage, particularly international and transnational agreements with examples from the Balkans, Mediterranean, Middle East and Asia.

ARHA 515

Aegean Bronze Age

Credits: 3

Art and archaeology of the Aegean during the Bronze Age. This course analyzes the art, history, architecture and material culture of Western Anatolia, Mainland Greece, the Aegean Islands, Crete and Cyprus during the Bronze Age (ca. 3000-1090 BC). Early-Late Helladic Material culture, art and architecture; Cycladic art and its origin, Minoan palaces and art; Mycenaean citadels; Bronze Age of Western Anatolia.

ARHA 517

The Roman Mediterranean

Credits: 3

Focus on the role Romans played within the broader Mediterranean landscape between its origin in the 8th century BC and Late Antiquity. Study of written sources and material remains showing how a process of interchange and exchange of ideas developed parallel with the gradual expansion of Roman power. Attention to the way Rome affected the life, architecture and art in areas that came under its dominion, but also to the impact foreign elements had on Roman society and material culture in its broad sense.

ARHA 518

Economic Archaeology: Production, Technology and Trade

Credits: 3

This course will focus on ancient economic systems. The course will begin by exploring different perceptual and analytical orientations and debates that underlie economic anthropology. Concepts such as gift-giving, reciprocity, trade, commodities, market and non-market economies, household economies, labor, exchange and trade, and money will be explored with archaeological or ethnographic case studies. Students will learn to critically evaluate Western interpretations in economic procedures and will become acquainted with cross-cultural practices from today and the past.

ARHA 519

Urban Culture in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire

Credits: 3

Examines urban culture in early modern Ottoman cities through multidisciplinary perspectives. Topics explored include urban institutions, governance, neighborhood organization, work and workplace, intercommunal relations, migration, women in public life, sociability, crime, rebellions, and the natural environment.

ARHA 520

Late Antique and Byzantine History Writing

Credits: 3

This course analyzes the broad range of historical documents contributing to the making of Late Antique and Byzantine histories.

ARHA 522

Painting in the Ottoman Empire

Credits: 3

Introduction to painting in the Ottoman Empire through the centuries, the art of miniature painting, manuscript illustration and album making in the Ottoman palace, the formation of a distinctive style developed through the interactions of the visual traditions of the East and West. The adoption of new techniques and styles such as murals and canvas painting as a result of encounters with Western art.

ARHA 523

The Art and Architecture of the Islamic World

Credits: 3

Survey of the art and architecture of the Umayyad, Abbasids, Fatamids, Mongols, Seljuks, Timurids, Safavids, Mughals, and Ottomans. The period from the foundation of the Ottoman Empire to the founding of the Turkish Republic is given special emphasis.

ARHA 525

The Crusades in the Eastern Mediterranean (1095-1291)

Credits: 3

This course will examine the roots of the crusading movement in Western Christian society; the ways in which the crusades brought three world cultures (Western Europe, Byzantium and the Islamic Near East) into contact and confrontation; the type of cultural interaction that took place and the impact of the crusades in the societies of the Eastern Mediterranean.

ARHA 526

Material and Textual Evidence on Late Antique and Byzantine Urban Studies

Credits: 3

Exploring the evidence about the shaping and transformation of urban settlements in the Late Antique and Byzantine Worlds. Analysis of urban archaeology and material culture along with textual evidence will.  Study of suburban spaces and of settlement archaeology. Examination of a broad range of cities and towns.

ARHA 527

Constantinople (330-1453)

Credits: 3

The history and the archaeology of the Byzantine imperial capital from its foundation to the Ottoman conquest. The functions of the built environment in relation to both historical time and urban space: the imperial palaces, the public churches, civic ritual and entertainment, economic and social services, the provision of welfare and defense, and the role of monasteries in the life of the community.

ARHA 530

Selected Topics in European Art

Credits: 3

Please see instructor for content and expectations.

ARHA 531

Late Ottoman and Early Republican Art

Credits: 3

Ottoman modernism and the historical and cultural transformation in the 18th and 19th centuries will be discussed in view of the artistic developments. How Western modality penetrated into the cultural sphere and how borrowings led to the birth of new techniques, forms  and styles in the art and architecture of the 18th and 19th centuries  leading to the early Republican Period will be the main theme in the course including a  critical discourse of the concepts of ‘modernism’ and ‘westernization’ and ‘national identity’.

Cross-listed as ARHA 431

ARHA 532

Istanbul 1453-1922

Credits: 3

Significant moments in the architectural and urban history of Ottoman Istanbul. Multi-disciplinary approach with emphasis on the city’s material environment and social and political cultures. Topics include patronage, urban image, monumentality, neighborhood life, public spaces, and cultural relations with the world. Visits to sites and monuments in Istanbul.

ARHA 533

Islamic Empires: Comparative Study

Credits: 3

This seminar examines different empires in the Islamic world of one specific era from a comparative perspective, focusing on the cultural and artistic exchanges and interactions between them. Special case studies may include the age of empires (Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals), fortifications and frontiers in the medieval Islamic world, Gender and art in the Islamic World and the like.

ARHA 534

Ancient Mediterranean Seafaring

Credits: 3

Examination of archaeological, iconographic, and documentary evidence for the ships and maritime activity of Mediterranean cultures from prehistoric times to the height of the Roman Empire in the second and third centuries CE. Focus on shipwrecks, ship representations in ancient art, and maritime trade and industries.

ARHA 535

Westernization or Modernization?  The Ottoman Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Credits: 3

The modernising movements in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries and their impact on Ottoman culture and arts. The change in the Ottoman attitude towards the West starting in the 17th century resulting in the introduction of westernisms in technology, social life and the arts in view of political and economic relations with Europe. The newly introduced concepts in the cultural sphere of art works; discourse on the concepts of `modernism’, `westernization’, `occidentalism’ and `orientalism’ and the transformation in Ottoman culture and arts in the 18th and 19th centuries.

ARHA 536

Medieval Anatolia: 13th to 15th centuries

Credits: 3

An examination of the material culture of the states ruling in Anatolia and neighboring areas (the Aegean, N. Mesopotamia, S. Caucasus) in the 13th-15th centuries. Turco-Islamic states of the Artuqids, Seljuks, the Beyliks and the early Ottomans and also an era of independent Christian states, in Cyprus, Georgia, Cilicia, Trabzon, and Byzantium. Cultures that are usually studied separately will be studied together using art historical, archeological, architectural historical, epigraphic, numismatic, and historical data.

ARHA 537

Europe and the Ottoman Empire: Cultural encounters through the centuries

Credits: 3

Interactions between Europe and the Ottoman World through the centuries. Ottoman political presence in Europe and its impact on European culture starting with the 15th century. The “image of the Turk” in Europe shifting in the following centuries with different political alliances and different economic interests. The changes in Ottoman interest in the west starting in the 17th century, introduction of westernisms in technology, social life and the arts in view of political and economic relations.

ARHA 538

Themes in Maritime Archaeology

Credits: 3

In this course, which will focus on themes central to the practice of maritime archeology, students will explore topics such as shipbuilding, port cities, experimental archaeology, new surveys and excavation techniques, or the management of maritime cultural heritage through primary and secondary readings, class discussion, and presentations.

ARHA 539

19th Century Ottoman Cities

Credits: 3

An examination of the key methods and arguments in the study of 19th-century Ottoman cities, from the onset of the Tanzimat reforms in 1839 until after WWI and the empire’s demise, and focusing on Istanbul, Izmir, Beirut and Salonica. Giving equal weight to the physical and social fabrics in the study of these cities, discussion of the complex and often conflicting local discourses on the city, actual projects of urban modernization, the emergence of modern institutions and forms of governance, questions of agency, image-making and representations of modernity, among other subjects.

ARHA 540

Field Studies

Credits: 3

Under the supervision of an ARHA professor, students are provided with practical experience in an excavation and/or a museum internship . This course also includes extensive academic travel with ARHA faculty to archaeological sites in Istanbul and throughout Türkiye.

ARHA 541

Anatolian Prehistory

Credits: 3

Chronological and thematic introduction to the cultures and civilizations of Anatolia from the Paleolithic through the earliest state societies. An overview of the hunter gathering groups; a module on the food producing populations of the Neolithic exploring the social, biological, cultural and symbolic consequences of this transformation; an introduction to concepts like craft specialization, household differentiation and emerging complexities.

ARHA 545

Instrumental Analyses I

Credits: 3

A range of sophisticated equipment is increasingly used to examine materials excavated from archaeological sites. Using a thematic approach, this course will examine a series of the instruments used in these studies, focusing on fundamental principles in their operation, interpretation of the data, and archaeological case studies. Themes will include analysis of ancient diet, migration, manufacturing techniques, provenance, and genetics. Instruments used provide information about bulk characteristics, elemental composition, or isotopic ratios of ancient skeletal remains, artifacts, and other residues of human activity. A laboratory component will provide students with an opportunity to develop archaeological conclusions from instrumental data. The course will deepen students? appreciation for the array of information that can be derived from remains of past societies, and for the challenges in interpreting these data.

ARHA 546

Instrumental Analyses II

Credits: 3

Fundamental principles of a wide range of instrumental techniques in spectroscopy, chromatography, electrochemistry, thermal analysis and surface analysis. Lab component. Scanning Electron (SEM) microscopy.

ARHA 549

Archaeozoology

Credits: 3

This course offers advanced level training in archaeozoological method and theory. The objective of this course is to help students develop skills in theory- and model-building by merging the archaeozoological method and approach with what they know of other sub-disciplines of archaeology. In seminar sessions students engage themselves in discussions about the recent uses and approaches of state-of-the-art interdisciplinary methodology (including isotopic and aDNA analyses and archaeomalacology) to investigate selected research topics in archaeology (e.g. maritime dispersal of early humans, Neolithization, “secondary products revolution”, cultural contact vs. colonization, end of the Bronze Age, Dark Ages, production and distribution in historical societies etc.). In laboratory sessions students learn how to create reproducible primary archaeozoological data with the aid of modern skeletal collections, to manipulate such data by means of statistical analysis and interpret them.

ARHA 550

Selected Topics in Archaeology and the History of Art

Credits: 3

Detailed examination of current topics in archaeology and the history of art.

ARHA 551

Selected Topics in Archaeology and the History of Art

Credits: 3

Detailed examination of current topics in archaeology and the history of art.

ARHA 552

Selected Topics in Archaeology and the History of Art

Credits: 3

Detailed examination of current topics in archaeology and the history of art.

ARHA 553

Selected Topics in Archaeology and the History of Art

Credits: 3

Detailed examination of current topics in archaeology and the history of art.

ARHA 554

Selected Topics in Archaeology and the History of Art

Credits: 3

Detailed examination of current topics in archaeology and the history of art.

ARHA 555

Selected Topics in Archaeology and the History of Art

Credits: 3

Detailed examination of current topics in archaeology and the history of art.

ARHA 556

Selected Topics in Archaeology and the History of Art

Credits: 3

Detailed examination of current topics in archaeology and the history of art.

ARHA 557

Selected Topics in Archaeology and the History of Art

Credits: 3

Detailed examination of current topics in archaeology and the history of art.

ARHA 558

Selected Topics in Archaeology and the History of Art

Credits: 3

Detailed examination of current topics in archaeology and the history of art.

ARHA 559

Selected Topics in Archaeology and the History of Art

Credits: 3

Detailed examination of current topics in archaeology and the history of art.

ARHA 561

European Art and Architecture I

Credits: 3

A survey of European art, architecture and visual culture from the early modern era to World War One. Various aspects of the visual culture of Europe will be examined within its cultural, social, and political contexts.

ARHA 563

Managing Cultural Organizations and NGOs

Credits: 3

This course provides an intensive study of the application of management theory and practice in cultural organizations and their governance and leadership in Türkiye. Topics covered include: how to establish missions and objectives; policy development and implementation; project management; financial management; legal framework; and so on.

ARHA 564

Public Archaeology

Credits: 3

Bridging the scholarly knowledge of archaeology with the public; exploring diverse methods of interpretation, conservation and diverse ways to communicate archaeological information and data. Examples of public archaeology from Türkiye and abroad. Social, political and ethical issues that are surrounding archaeological investigation, interpretation and the production of knowledge.

ARHA 566

Historical Sources

Credits: 3

This course familiarizes students with a variety of sources used in the historical study of different regions and periods: Calligraphy and epigraphy, numismatics, literary works, archival documents, and visual sources from paintings and photographs to monograms and coats of arms.

ARHA 567

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Credits: 3

Technical training in how to use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software to enter, manage, manipulate, and display data. Theoretical and practical frameworks within which GIS is applied. Analytical tools in GIS to address geospatially significant questions in social sciences and humanities fields (e.g., archaeology, history, art history, sociology, migration studies).

ARHA 571

Exhibition Design and Interpretive Practice

Credits: 3

Current exhibition design and interpretation practices. Students work both independently and collaboratively in creating exhibition designs and interpretive plans for galleries and museums. Questions of material and form; text and narrative; display and presentation; models of attention and perception, the relationship between language and vision; the role of description in interpretation; and what constitutes learning and meaning through visual and spatial experience. Students develop a design and interpretive practice through a series of workshops, exercises, site visits and critical discussions.

ARHA 572

Designing Heritage

Credits: 3

This course takes as its starting assumption that the past is something we create today; its structure and mediation impacting how we live in our shared world. This course will explore the intellectual history of archaeological thought and the development of heritage theory. While simultaneously exploring practical design skills, it will address inter-disciplinary practices between art, archaeology and heritage and contextualize these practices with readings from the disciplines of architecture, art history, critical theory, heritage studies.

ARHA 573

Curating Contemporary Art

Credits: 3

Explores the role and responsibilities of the curator in contemporary art. Recently this has expanded beyond galleries and museums to include an array of agencies in the creative, cultural, educational and industrial sectors and a diverse range of artistic and media forms. The course will review the methods and theories of curatorial practice and provide a critical framework for understanding and appreciating contemporary curatorial practice, its current issues and debates. Readings from architecture, art history, cultural criticism, heritage studies and critical theory will be discussed.  Local, national and international case studies will be considered.

ARHA 581

Introduction to Maritime Archaeology

Credits: 3

Overview of the field, research questions integral to topic. Investigation of key issues in the management and protection of underwater cultural heritage. Investigation of main excavations and influential individuals.

ARHA 582

Documentation and Conservation Methods

Credits: 3

Introduction to the methods and tools used in archaeological field projects and in the laboratory. Practicing methods used in site, artifact, and wreck documentation and reconstruction. Conservation techniques applicable to finds from both maritime and terrestrial sites.

ARHA 590

Selected Topics in Languages

Credits: 3

Advanced language training related to the study of Anatolian Civilizations.  Topics chosen by the faculty.

ARHA 594

Project

Credits: 0

Content to be determined by instructor.

ARHA 595

Thesis

Must be completed for the MA Degree

Credits: 0

Students decide with their advisor about the topic of their thesis.  In addition to researching and writing a thesis, graduate students in the program may continue to work as museum interns, or in archaeological excavations.

ARHA 599

Independent Study

Credits: 3

Content determined by instructor.

ARHA 610

Advanced Doctoral Thesis Seminar

Credits: 0

Prepares Ph.D. students for researching and writing their doctoral dissertation and for their future careers. Topics include:   managing a large research project, research methods, academic publishing, research and publication ethics, interviewing, presentation and teaching skills, preparing images for publications, and preparing materials for job and grant applications.

ARHA 695

PhD Thesis

Credits: 0

Research is guided by a faculty member of the ARHA program.